The mammalian cytoskeleton is an internal framework of actin, tubulin, and intermediate filament proteins. Proteins of these three classes assemble non-covalently into filamentous polymers that support the structural integrity of the relatively fragile lipid plasma membrane. In addition, cytoskeletal polymers provide the mechanical strength that hold a cell together and anchor it to its growth substrate. The cytoskeleton must also have the capacity for rapid and substantial remodeling and provide the motive and tractor force necessary to drive motility. As such, the cytoskeleton has a functional duality: sufficiently rigid to prevent plasma membrane deformation but pliable enough to allow for cytokinesis; sufficiently adhesive to allow for traction but dynamic enough to allow movement from one place to another. A major research challenge in cytoskeleton biology is to understand how cytoskeletal proteins assemble and dissemble in support of physiological processes. This chapter will focus on the role of the actin cytoskeleton in cell migration. More specifically, we will focus on the actin cytoskeleton of vertebrate cells.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Fundamentals of Actin Polymerization
Accessory Proteins Regulate Actin Polymerization and Assembly
Cellular Actin Structure
Cell Migration
Summary of Cell Migration
References
Author Biography
About the Author(s)
Jonathan M. Lee, University of Ottawa
Dr. Lee is currently a Professor in the Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology at the University of Ottawa. He received his PhD degree in 1992 from the University of Toronto. After postdoctoral training in the lab of Dr. Alan Bernstetin at the Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute in Toronto, he started his own group at the Juravinski Cancer Centre in Hamilton, Ontario, in 1995. He moved to the University of Ottawa in 2003. His lab currently studies cell migration, actin remodeling, and breast cancer.
